a system of omina based on celestial appearances) was developed in Chinese and Tibetan cultures as well but these astrologies are not based upon the zodiac but deal with the whole sky.Īstrology is a pseudoscience. Over the centuries, Western astrology's zodiacal divisions have shifted out of alignment with the constellations they were named after by axial precession of the Earth while Hindu astrology measurements correct for this shifting. This observation is emphasized in the simplified and popular sun sign astrology. Each sign was named after a constellation the sun annually moved through while crossing the sky. The Western zodiac originated in Babylonian astrology, and was later influenced by the Hellenistic culture. The astrological signs are Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn, Aquarius, and Pisces. The signs enumerate from the first day of spring, known as the First Point of Aries, which is the vernal equinox. In Western astrology, astrological signs are the twelve 30-degree sectors that make up Earth's 360-degree orbit around the Sun. For the album by George Freeman, see Birth Sign (album). These promising pre-clinical discoveries await additional research, including testing in humans.Not to be confused with Constellations. To treat high-grade colorectal cancers, Sumagin’s lab team recommends targeting a well-known DNA repair pathway that is “turned on” in cancer, but which is not currently used for therapeutic purposes. One is to treat low-grade colorectal cancers with an existing FDA-approved drug to treat certain breast and ovarian cancers, olaparib (Lynparza). Why Does it Matter? These findings open the door to two possible new treatments for colorectal cancer. Whereas, in high-grade tumors, they found neutrophils help the cancer cells survive and grow by promoting the activation of a certain type of DNA repair. Sumagin’s lab team found that in low-grade tumors, neutrophils slow overall tumor growth by shutting down a specific type of DNA repair in cancer cells. The more abnormal and disorganized (atypical) they look, the higher the grade, and the more likely they are to grow quickly and spread. Tumor grade describes how different cancer cells look and are arranged compared to healthy (typical) cells. They identified a dual function of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils in colon cancer and demonstrated that neutrophils can be both anti-cancer and pro-cancer depending on colorectal tumor grade. They studied mouse models as well as human colorectal cancer tissues from biopsies from people with colorectal cancer who didn’t have a strong family history. In a 2021 publication in Gastroenterology, he and his research team describe how they analyzed the effect of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils on cancer progression. The Research: The lab of Ronen Sumagin, PhD, studies how neutrophils and other immune cells contribute to the development and progression of colorectal cancers. If researchers could learn more about how neutrophils affect colorectal cancers, their knowledge could help lead to the development of new cancer treatment and preventive strategies. Colorectal cancers with these neutrophils are more aggressive, and patients with these cancers have worse clinical outcomes. When they surround and enter, or infiltrate, tumors, they’re called tumor-infiltrating neutrophils. Doctors may use the number of neutrophils in the bloodstream or in tumors to predict the severity of certain types of tumors and how they may response to chemotherapy.īut neutrophils have a dual nature. Neutrophils already have a diagnostic role. They “rush” to kill harmful bacteria in the body and to areas that are inflamed, including inflammation caused from developing colorectal cancers. The Challenge: Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that are among the first immune cells to defend the body against infection.
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